Cigarette Smoking and Foot and Ankle Surgery

It is generally known by foot and ankle surgeons that tobacco products are detrimental to wound healing and bone union, and numerous published reports have pointed this out . Smoking-induced oxidative stress alters inflammatory cell function and extracellular matrix turnover, which impair healing

It is generally known by foot and ankle surgeons that tobacco products are detrimental to wound healing and bone union, and numerous published reports have pointed this out . Smoking-induced oxidative stress alters inflammatory cell function and extracellular matrix turnover, which impair healing

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Cigarette Smoking and Foot and Ankle Surgery

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